# 08.1 关于UNIX进程

严格讲，**进程**是一个执行环境，包含指令，用户数据，系统数据和运行中获取的资源。另外，**程序**是一个二进制文件，包含指令和初始化指令时用到的数据，还有进程的用户数据。每次运行进程都被一个无符号整数唯一标识，它叫做**进程 ID**。

进程有三种分类：用户进程，守护进程，内核进程。**用户进程**运行在用户空间并且通常没有特殊访问权限。**内存进程**仅在内存空间执行并且可以完全访问所有内存数据结构。**守护进程**是运行在用户空间的程序并且运行在后台不需要一个终端。

> *C 调用* `fork()` *创建新进程。* `fork()` *的返回值用于程序员在父进程和子进程之间进行分辨。相反，Go 不支持类似功能而是提供 goroutines*


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